Heidi Hartmann, « Capitalism, Patriarchy, and Job Segregation by Sex », 1979 ✓

Historically, male workers have been instrumental in limit­ing the participation of women in the labor market. Male unions have carried out the policies and attitudes of the earlier guilds, and they have continued to reap benefits for male work­ers. Capitalists inherited job segregation by sex, but they have quite often been able to use it to their own advantage. If they can supersede experienced men with cheaper women, so much the better; if they can weaken labor by threatening to do so, that’s good, too; or, if failing that, they can use those status differences to reward men, and buy their allegiance to capitalism with patriarchal benefits, that’s okay too.